A recent “consensus” review on bowel management (G Mosiello et al. JPGN 2017; 64: 343-52) is available as an open access article –Link: Consensus Review of Best Practic of Transanal Irrigation in Children

The use of bowel management tube (or cone) for transanal irrigation has been around since ~1987 (B Shandling et. al. J Ped Surg 1987; 22: 271-3) and generally is considered in children older than 3 years of age with severe problems with defecation (organic and functional).

This particular review has a very good table on troubleshooting (Table 4) and a succinct summary of indications/contraindications (Table 2).

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