D Ying et al. Hepatology 2023; 77: 1722-1734. Urine is a viral antigen reservoir in hepatitis E virus infection
Key findings: HEV Ag was specifically taken up by renal cells and was disposed into urine, during which the level of Ag was concentrated >10‐fold, resulting in the higher diagnosing sensitivity of urine Ag than serum Ag. Moreover, Ag in urine appeared 6 days earlier, lasted longer than viremia and antigenemia, and showed good concordance with fecal RNA in a rabbit model.
F Charbit-Henrion et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21: 1368-1371. Open Access! Genetic Diagnosis Guides Treatment of Autoimmune Enteropathy
Background: Autoimmune enteropathy (AIE) is a severe form of enteropathy characterized by chronic diarrhea refractory to any exclusion diet and associated with autoimmunity…In a recent cohort of 40 AIE patients, anti-enterocyte antibodies were reported in only 14% (4/28) of the cases, likely caused by the high frequency of patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia…30%–50% of adult AIE can display anti-transglutaminase antibodies. The common histopathologic presentation of AIE includes intestinal villous atrophy with variable lymphocytic infiltration and various features of follicular lymphoid hyperplasia, cryptitis, graft-versus-host disease-like lesions, and loss of Paneth and goblet cells.
Key findings: Pathogenic variants were identified in 20/48 adult patients (41.6%); most common variants: CTLA4, LRBA, STAT3, and STAT1; 12/20; 60% of those with variants. Thus, specific therapeutics were available for more than half of the patients who received a molecular diagnosis

NV Hoffmann et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2023; 21: 1188-1197. Esophageal Distensibility Defines Fibrostenotic Severity in Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis
Key finding: In this prospective pediatric cohort (n=59) with EoE, distensibility index (DI) <4.5 mm2/mmHg predicted grade 2 rings on endoscopy. Lower DI was associated with increased risk of food impaction but did not correlate with eosinophilic count. DI was “superior to diameter in assessing fibrostenotic severity.”
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