Willie Sutton and Refractory Constipation

SO Larsen et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2026;82:425–433. Efficacy of low volume transanal irrigation in children with retentive fecal incontinence: A randomized controlled trial

Methods: Two-arm randomized controlled trial, including children (N=41) aged 4–14 suffering from retentive fecal incontinence. All included children were refractory to at least 2 months treatment with stool softening oral laxatives. Treatment duration was 6 weeks. The control group continued oral laxative therapy. The intervention group received  low-volume transanal irrigation (L-TAI) as add-on. 

Irrigations: “Irrigations were performed once daily with the Qufora IrriSedo MiniGo® Small system. According to the manufacturer the MiniGo® water pump contains 180 mL of water, with an estimated 20 mL residual water per use. Families were instructed to use 1 pump full of water to irrigate. If this did not result in defecation, they were instructed to refill and irrigate again.”

Key Findings:

  • In the intervention group, 75% were responders with 35% experiencing full response, while 33% in the control group were responders, with 4.8% experiencing full response

One limitation of this study, besides its sample size, is the type of laxative used prior to enrollment. Patients had been treated with PEG, magnesia or lactulose. These agents are not recommended for refractory constipation; high dose sennosides or bisacodyl have been recommended per recent position paper.

My take: Willie Sutton was a notorious bank robber who was famous for his quote (which he later denied) that he robbed banks “because that’s where the money is.” Similarly, for constipation, targeting treatment at the site of the “deposit” turns out to be an effective strategy. (I have no financial ties to the irrigation company.)

Related article: L Rodriguez et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2026 (ahead of print). Open Access! American Gastroenterological Association-North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Pediatric Functional Constipation Clinical Care Pathway

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Prospective Study: Transanal Irrigation For Neurogenic Bowel

J Fernandez et al. JPGN 2022; 74: 454-459.

This prospective study (n=80) expands on previous observations regarding the use of a transanal irrigation device for neurogenic bowel management.

Key points:

  • The neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) score improved at both time points (<6 months, >6 months) by 14 and 13 points respectively. 94% and 98% had improved NBD score at time 1 and time 2 respectively
  • Patient satisfaction was high, though 8 patients discontinued device early on due to either discomfort or poor results
  • NBD score can used to monitor treatment effectiveness

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Bowel Management Recommendations

A recent “consensus” review on bowel management (G Mosiello et al. JPGN 2017; 64: 343-52) is available as an open access article –Link: Consensus Review of Best Practic of Transanal Irrigation in Children

The use of bowel management tube (or cone) for transanal irrigation has been around since ~1987 (B Shandling et. al. J Ped Surg 1987; 22: 271-3) and generally is considered in children older than 3 years of age with severe problems with defecation (organic and functional).

This particular review has a very good table on troubleshooting (Table 4) and a succinct summary of indications/contraindications (Table 2).

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