Tag Archives: immune-mediated diseases

Sacroiliitis, NAFLD, IMIDs -Concurring Problems with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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I Levine et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 809-815. Prevalence, Predictors, and Disease Activity of Sacroiliitis Among Patients with Crohn’s Disease

Key findings in this cross-sectional retrospective study (n=258, median age 30 yrs):

  • Overall, 17% of patients had MRI evidence of sacroiliitis, of whom 73% demonstrated bone marrow edema.
  • Female gender, back pain, and later age of CD diagnosis were associated with sacroiliitis (P = 0.05, P < 0.001, P = 0.04, respectively).
  • Disease activity (clinical, endoscopic, and radiographic), disease location and CD therapy were not associated with sacroiliitis on MRE.
  • More than two-thirds with MRE evidence of sacroiliitis were never seen by a rheumatologist.

A Lin et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 947-955. Prevalence of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Key finding:

  • Data pooled from 27 studies showed the prevalence of NAFLD among IBD patients was 32% (substantial heterogeneity); this is “statistically significantly higher than the prevalence of NAFLD in the general population (25.2%; P < 0.001)”

M Attauabi et al. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 927-939. Systematic Review with Meta-analysis: The Impact of Co-occurring Immune-mediated Inflammatory Diseases on the Disease Course of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

A total of 93 studies were identified, comprising 16,064 IBD patients with co-occurring IMIDs and 3,451,414 IBD patients without IMIDs. IMIDs included the following:

  • Unspecified autoimmune disease
  • Diabetes type 1
  • Asthma
  • Grave disease
  • Spondyloarthropathy
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Iridocyclitis
  • Uveitis
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Polymyalgia rheumatica
  • Psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis
  • Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
  • Celiac disease
  • Pyoderma gangrenosum
  • Pernicious anemia
  • Autoimmune hepatitis
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Giant cell arteritis
  • Primary biliary cholangitis
  • Hashimoto thyroiditis
  • Episcleritis
  • Sjogren syndrome

Key findings: Patients with IBD and co-occurring IMIDs were at increased risk of having extensive colitis or pancolitis (risk ratio, 1.38; 95% Cl, 1.25–1.52; P < 0.01, I2 = 86%) and receiving IBD-related surgeries (risk ratio, 1.17; 95% Cl, 1.01–1.36; P = 0.03; I2 = 85%) compared with patients without IMIDs

Image below from Bahia Honda State Park (FL)

IBD and Immune-Mediated Diseases

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J Burisch et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019; 17: 2704-12.  In this nationwide cohort from Denmark with 14,377 adult patients with IBD (median age 45.8 yrs) and 71,885 controls; immune-mediated diseases (IMID) were present in 22.5% of those with IBD.

Most common IMID:

  • psoriasis
  • asthma
  • type 1 diabetes
  • iridocyclitis

Other IMID:

  • multiple sclerosis
  • pyoderma gangrenosum
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • ankylosing spondylitis,
  • celiac
  • primary scelorsing cholangitis,
  • primary biliary cholangitis
  • sarcoidosis
  • Graves’ disease

Findings:

  • Patients receiving infliximab were at a reduced risk of developing an IMID with aOR of 0.52 for Crohn’s disease (CD) and 0.47 for Ulcerative Colitis. (UC)
  • 80.3% of IMID were noted prior to onset of IBD
  • The presence of IMID was associated with an increased risk of surgery in patients with CD with aOR of 2.30 but not in patients with UC

My take: About 1 in 4 patients with IBD have at least 1 other immune-mediated disease.  The presence of an immune-mediated disease is associated with a higher likelihood of needing a biologic therapy and with surgery in patients with Crohn’s disease. In patients with numerous immune-mediated diseases, one needs to consider the possibility of other etiologies (eg. CTLA4 defiency)

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Saint Jerome (not far from Montreal)

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