Category Archives: General Health
Presorted Pills -A Good Idea
A recent twitter ad promoted www.pillpack.com. I do not have any financial ties to disclose and generally avoid promoting commercial products. However, it looks like a good idea for patients who are taking a number of medications.
Here’s a screenshot:
Off-Duty Doctors and Family Obligations
A mentor (thanks to WFB) forwarded me a recent article from the NY Times: A Doctor at His Daughter’s Hospital Bed written by a well-known (previous) transplant surgeon.
In essence, this article relates the problem a physician has when he suspects that the care a loved one is receiving is deficient and how strongly to advocate in this circumstance. In fact, this physician ended up grabbing/infusing several bags of IV fluids from a crash cart when the treating team was content to observe. This article is well-written; I wanted to comment on my own struggles in this area.
First of all some background: one lesson that I learned the hard way was to act on your convictions even when this makes you unpopular. When I was an intern, I was one of several team members in the care of a child with neurological problems. I relayed my concerns that the child needed more aggressive care to both my supervising resident and to the subspecialty fellow. Neither of these physicians acted on the problem. Later in the day, I spoke with the attending physician. Ultimately he agreed with my assessment but chided me for not contacting him sooner. From that day forward, I’ve tried to make sure that if I didn’t get the answer I wanted regarding a patient’s care, that I would keep pursuing the matter until I did. At the same time, it is worthwhile to try to be pleasant; acting in a nasty manner usually worsens the situation.
For my parents and loved ones, I’ve told them that when someone is hospitalized it is important to always have someone nearby to keep track of what is going on. What medicine is being given? Why was that imaging study ordered? Why are the IV fluids being changed? When will I see the … physician? This person does not have to be a doctor/healthcare provider, though sometimes that helps.
A few years ago, after an orthopedic surgery, my Mom was recovering in a ‘teaching’ hospital (not in Atlanta). The surgeon had told me to call him if I had any concerns. As my Mom returned to her room, I noticed that she did not have a pulse oximeter. I told the nurse that this concerned me because I knew that she was receiving powerful pain relievers which could decrease her breathing. The nurse tried to assure me that they would do “spot” checks; she said the hospital was full and there may not be enough pulse oximeters. I insisted that spot checks were not good enough and to go ahead and contact the surgeon since he had asked me to call him with any concerns. While I never spoke with a surgeon, the pulse oximeter showed up within five minutes.
About two weeks later, I received a call from Mom early on a Sunday morning. She was having some chest pain. I asked her if it had ever happened before and she related that it was the same type of pain she had had a few days after her operation. She explained that this occurred in the middle of the night at the hospital. Since the nurse told her the pain was due to anxiety and/or a panic attack [she had never suffered from either previously], neither she nor my Aunt wanted to call and wake me up. So, on that Sunday, of course, I told her to take an aspirin and go straight to the hospital. The physicians confirmed that she had had a heart attack. They placed a stent the next day and she fortunately recovered.
My Dad has had a number of health problems. On my birthday this year, he had to be transferred to the ER. After his evaluation, we were told that he would need to be observed in the neurology ICU but there was not a bed available until the morning. He was going to be monitored in the ER until then. My twin brother is an early riser. So that night, we agreed that I would stay with Dad until 4 am and he would take over at that point. I planned to return to Atlanta to see patients (most had been scheduled for many weeks prior).
Fortunately, around 10 pm, one of the ER staff kindly brought me a comfortable foldout chair. I tried to get a little rest. Around 11 pm, a physician entered the ER bay. Since he did not introduce himself, I questioned whether he was relieving the previous ER physician. He said no; he was a hospitalist. I then asked whether a bed had opened up in the neurology ICU and whether he would like me to give him a brief summary of what had been happening. His answer was simply that he did not know what the status of the neurology ICU was and that he did not need any information. As he was leaving the ER bay, without even the briefest of exams, he said that all of the information that he needed was in the computers. My response was to ask him if he knew how many CT scans my Dad had had in the past week. He left without answering.
The next day no physician spoke with us until around 5 pm. The physician seeing my Dad at that time informed us (me by phone) that this was a followup since my Dad had been seen by their group the previous night. I informed him that the previous physician had neither examined my Dad nor relayed any type of medical plan. I am grateful that this physician took the time to hear his background, to apologize for his colleague and develop a plan that helped my Dad improve. At the same, I am bitter, but perhaps enlightened, by the fact that the previous physician did not care or even act like he did.
What I have learned from the other side (the patient’s side) of the bed:
- The hospital that I work at is exceptional (Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta). The doctors and nurses that I work with care deeply about doing their best every single day. In fact, this attitude permeates the hospital and includes child life specialists, feeding therapists, ward secretaries, and even maintenance staff. This is probably true for a lot of children’s hospitals.
- In many hospitals, you really have to look out for those you care about to lower the chances that their team will overlook important steps. Even in really good hospitals, this is important.
- While skepticism comes natural for those of us in health care, many family members rely too heavily on the expertise of their nurse or physician. Engage your health care providers to make sure that they understand what you are trying to tell them. If the situation changes, make sure your team is updated.
- Medication errors are so common. If you don’t bring the medications with you, make sure you know the dose, the route, and the frequency/timing. Take pictures of the pill(s) and the prescription or write out all of the prescriptions. Do not be afraid to ask the nurse to show you the “MAR” (medication administration record) so that the reordered medications match up with those that are taken at home.
- Small gestures, like getting a comfortable chair for a family member, can make a big difference.
- If you are a physician determined to stay on the sidelines, you may regret that decision.
For physicians/healthcare providers reading this blog, what stories have prompted you to jump from the ‘sidelines back onto the field?’ What advice would you add for families? For nonhealthcare providers reading this blog, what suggestions would you offer?
Related blog posts:
- Personal Look at 20 Years of Doctoring (Part 1 …
- Personal Look at 20 Years of Doctoring (Part 2 …
- Top Physician Skill -Listening | gutsandgrowth
- The burden of being a physician | gutsandgrowth
- “It is never boring to be a physician” | gutsandgrowth
- Badmouthing other doctors from NYTimes | gutsandgrowth
- Less Litigation: Better Communication, Not More Testing …
- Empathy vs. Sympathy | gutsandgrowth
5000% Increase for Well-Established Drug
There is yet another outrageous example of a pharmaceutical company jacking up the price of a medication, without any added innovation, due to monopolizing its production.
From USA Today: Company hikes price 5000%. Here’s an excerpt:
Turing Pharmaceuticals of New York raised the price of Daraprim from $13.50 per pill to $750 per pill last month, shortly after purchasing the rights to the drug from Impax Laboratories. Turing has exclusive rights to market Daraprim (pyrimethamine), on the market since 1953.
Daraprim fights toxoplasmosis, the second most common food-borne disease, which can easily infect people whose immune systems have been weakened by AIDS, chemotherapy or even pregnancy, according to the Centers for Disease Control.,,,
About 60 million people in the United States may carry the Toxoplasma parasite, according to the CDC. It comes from eating under-cooked meat, cooking with contaminated knives and boards, drinking unclean water and contact with infected cat feces.
Mothers can also pass it to their children during pregnancy and organ transplant patients can get it through an infected donor.
My take: This type of excessive drug cost increase is why critics demand additional regulation be placed over the entire pharmaceutical industry; it can occur only in a system which indirectly shares the cost across the entire system by having insurance companies foot most of the bill. In my view, this increase in cost is equivalent to the water company jacking up your water bill 5000% –how would you feel about that?
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“Not Up For Debate: The Science Behind Vaccination”
Wednesday’s well publicized debate unfortunately discussed vaccination. Perhaps it is not surprising that a businessman/entertainer, Donald Trump, reiterated misinformation. Yet, the two former physicians (Ben Carson and Rand Paul) on the stage also provided misleading information. A good write-up of this issue from the NY Times: Not Up for Debate: The Science Behind Vaccination
Here’s an excerpt:
Here are the facts:
- Vaccines aren’t linked to autism.
- The number of vaccines children receive is not more concerning than it used to be.
- Delaying their administration provides no benefit, while leaving children at risk.
- All the childhood vaccines are important.
It’s also not correct to call autism an “epidemic,” as Mr. Trump often seems to do. Autism is more prevalent as a diagnosis than it used to be. But much of that in recent years is because we’ve changed the definition of what it means to have “autism spectrum disorder.” For instance, 10 years ago, two-thirds of children diagnosed with autism had below-average intelligence. But today only about a third of those diagnosed with A.S.D. do. The fastest-growing group of children with autism have average or above average intelligence. We’re being more inclusive in the diagnosis…
- Too many vaccines and autism” is debunked | gutsandgrowth
- Vaccine Safety -Put into Perspective | gutsandgrowth
- Another Big Study: …vaccine and Autism (Plus one) | gutsandgrowth
- Parental Immunity (to Education) and Vaccine… | gutsandgrowth
- Vaccine Safety Comic Book Version – Will It Help? | gutsandgrowth
- “Because It Doesn’t Just Happen to Other People” | gutsandgrowth
- Measles, Seizures and Sometimes Death due… | gutsandgrowth
- The Paradox of Vaccine Resistance | gutsandgrowth
- 1400 Different Immunization Schedules -What Could… | gutsandgrowth
- More Measles Cases -Here’s the Data | gutsandgrowth
- Why Doctors Don’t Want Unvaccinated Children in Their …
ICD-10: Source for humor?
Like most physicians, I am not terribly excited about the transition to ICD-10. The increased detail with coding will take longer and be a hassle. However, there is apparently some humor to be derived from the institution of ICD-10.
From HealthcareDive.com: “There are 68,000 billing codes under the new ICD-10 system, as opposed to a paltry 13,000 under the current ICD-9. …Despite the controversy surrounding ICD-10, there is one universally agreed-upon upside to the hyper-specific coding system: Weird and obscure codes that stand for bizarre medical injuries. There’s even an illustrated book, Struck by an Orca: ICD-10 Illustrated.”
Some of the absurd ICD-10 codes from HealthcareDive.com:
- V97.33XD: Sucked into jet engine, subsequent encounter
- Y92.146: Swimming-pool of prison as the place of occurrence of the external cause
- W55.41XA: Bitten by pig, initial encounter
- W61.62XD: Struck by duck, subsequent encounter
- Z63.1: Problems in relationship with in-laws
- W220.2XD: Walked into lamppost, subsequent encounter
- Y93.D: V91.07XD: Burn due to water-skis on fire, subsequent encounter
- W55.29XA: Other contact with cow, subsequent encounter
- W22.02XD: V95.43XS: Spacecraft collision injuring occupant, sequela
- W61.12XA: Struck by macaw, initial encounter
- R46.1: Bizarre personal appearance
Multiple authorities have weighed in on the issue of which ICD-10 codes are most zany. Here are a few links:
University of South Florida their list includes
- Knitting and Crocheting (Y93.D1)
- Pecked by chicken, initial encounter (W61.33XA)
Multibriefs Exclusive their list includes
- T71.231D Asphyxiation due to being trapped in a discarded refrigerator, accidental
- V80.730A Animal-rider injured in collision with trolley
- Z62.1 Parental overprotection
- T63 Unspecified event, undetermined intent
NY Times: Roughed up by an Orca? There’s a code for that (from 12/29/13) “There are codes for injuries incurred in opera houses and while knitting, and one for sibling rivalry.” This article has some nice graphics, including one of a water skier with the skis on fire.
Does Staying Up All Night Affect Surgery the Next Day?
According to a recent study (A Govindarajan et al. NEJM 2015; 373: 845-33), the answer is no. That being said, my preference would be for a well-rested surgeon.
Some of the details:
The authors conducted a retrospective, population-based, matched cohort study in Ontario, Canada. Twelve procedures were analyzed from 1448 physicians and involving 38,978 patients. The same physicians had his/her procedures compared when they were done after treating patients from midnight to 7am to when these were done on days that were not preceded by night call. The physicians included in the study were attending physicians; thus this does not provide insight into whether residents or fellows would perform similarly.
Key finding:
- No difference in any primary outcome: death, readmission, or complication. This primary outcome occurred in 22.2% after night call and 22.4% without night call.
Here’s a graph below -which depicts, from top to bottom, odds ratio for cholecystectomy (n=9322 patients, 479 physicians), gastric bypass (n=320 patients, 25 physicians), colon resection (n=2214 patients, 315 physicians), hysterectomy (n=7020 patients, 384 physicians), knee arthroplasty (n-2504 patients, 192 physicians), hip arthroplasty (n=1564 patients, 154 physicians), repair hip fracture (n=1192 patients, 166 physicians), lung resection (n=550 patients, 55 physicians), CABG (n=460 patients, 48 physicians), Spine surgery (n=3456 patients, 104 physicians), Craniotomy (n=1396patients, 66 physicians), Angioplasty (n=8980 patients, 130 physicians)
FDA Approves New Drug for Nausea/Vomiting
FDA Announcement -here’s excerpt:
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Varubi (rolapitant) to prevent delayed phase chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (emesis). Varubi is approved in adults in combination with other drugs (antiemetic agents) that prevent nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of vomit-inducing (emetogenic and highly emetogenic) cancer chemotherapy….
“Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting remains a major issue that can disrupt patients’ lives and sometimes their therapy,” said Amy Egan, M.D., M.P.H., deputy director of the Office of Drug Evaluation III in the FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research. “Today’s approval provides cancer patients with another treatment option for the prevention of the delayed phase of nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy.”
Varubi is a substance P/neurokinin-1 (NK-1) receptor antagonist. Activation of NK-1 receptors plays a central role in nausea and vomiting induced by certain cancer chemotherapies, particularly in the delayed phase. Varubi is provided to patients in tablet form.
The safety and efficacy of Varubi were established in three randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials where Varubi in combination with granisetron and dexamethasone was compared with a control therapy (placebo, granisetron and dexamethasone) in 2,800 patients receiving a chemotherapy regimen that included highly emetogenic (such as cisplatin and the combination of anthracycline and cyclophosphamide) and moderately emetogenic chemotherapy drugs. Those patients treated with Varubi had a greater reduction in vomiting and use of rescue medication for nausea and vomiting during the delayed phase compared to those receiving the control therapy…
The most common side effects in patients treated with Varubi include a low white blood cell count (neutropenia), hiccups, decreased appetite and dizziness.
Varubi is marketed by Tesaro Inc., based in Waltham, Massachusetts.
Upside Down Incentives in Pharmaceutical Development –Profit over Patients
A good read on why cheap effective drugs may not be coming to the market in the U.S. –as well as solutions. (Full text: AR Kellermann, NR Desai. JAMA. Published online August 17, 2015. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.10114)
Here’s an excerpt:
In 2003, Wald and Law proposed to combine 3 half-dose antihypertensive agents, an intermediate-dose statin, low-dose aspirin, and folic acid into a once per day polypill for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Based on epidemiological models, they estimated that daily use by individuals aged 55 years or older could reduce the incidence of MI and stroke by more than 80%.
In the 12 years since this report was published,3 versions of the polypill have been successfully tested in several phase 2 (safety) studies and a few modest-sized phase 3 (efficacy) trials. Collectively, these studies demonstrated that the polypill was well tolerated, achieved good adherence, and based on intermediate end points, such as reduction of blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, is efficacious…
The 4 drugs in the current version of the polypill have long histories of safe use. Although all 4 are frequently prescribed in the United States, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved combining them in a single pill…
Although the polypill could produce substantial public health benefits, people in the United States are unlikely to find out anytime soon. This is because the pill’s price is so low (≤$1 per tablet) and the cost of the large clinical trials required for FDA approval is so high, it is unattractive to investors. The inventor’s dilemma is that creating a product that improves health is not enough; the product must also be able to generate a healthy return on investment. In the United States, the surest way to generate a healthy return on investment is to increase health care spending, not reduce it.
Related blog posts:
“Negative Externality,” Splitting Checks, and Feeding Psychology
If you have a great psychology book that you recommend, please let me know. As frequent readers of this blog know, I am fascinated with psychology experiments.
In a recent blog from fivethirtyeight.com, the author tackles the question of whether people eat more when they know they are splitting a dinner check. Does it Make Sense to Split The Check at a Restaurant?
Here’s an excerpt:
In 2004, a study in The Economic Journal, a publication of the Royal Economic Society, …the researchers told four groups of diners (always three men and three women) to split the bill equally among them. They told another four groups to pay for what they had ordered. Lastly, they told two lucky groups that they would get their meals for free…
Those who were getting a free meal spent the most … Those who were splitting the bill spent less, and those who were paying individually spent the least…
Any time you make a decision that affects someone else without considering how it might affect that person, whether positively or negatively, you create an externality — it’s basically a fancy way of saying “indirect effect.” There are positive externalities (e.g. when you decide to get a flu shot, other people benefit) and negative externalities (e.g. when you decide to fart, other people suffer).
The unscrupulous diner’s dilemma reveals how negative externalities — and even the mere threat of negative externalities — affect our behavior. Participants in the bill-splitting experiment expected the others to order more, so they tried to maximize what they could get out of the situation by ordering more themselves.
Bottomline: It is fascinating to me how something as simple as splitting a bill may encourage someone to order a lot more.
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