Tag Archives: SMOFlipid

Double-Blind Randomized SMOFLipid Study

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A recent double-blind randomized study (A Repa et al. J Pediatr 2018; 194: 87-93) compared a mixed lipid emulsion (SMOFlipid) to a soybean-oil lipid in 223 extremely low birth weight infants. Median time on parenteral nutrition was ~23 days.

Key findings:

  • The primary outcome of parenteral nutrition associated cholestasis (PNAC) was NOT significantly different in the two groups: 10.1% for SMOF and 15.9% for control group (P=.20).
  • No other outcome measures were affected, including ROP, BPD and growth.

The authors note that even the control group had less cholestasis than previous cohorts and indicated that the use of probiotics and possibly more aggressive enteral feeds were at work.

My take (borrowed in part from authors): These results “cannot be generalized to infants with substantially longer time on PN.” However, this study shows that SMOFlipid alone will not prevent cholestasis, which is well-known to be multifactorial.

Sandy Springs

#NASPGHAN17 Presentations at Annual Meeting: GGT in PSC, Nutrition for Intestinal Failure

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This blog entry has abbreviated/summarized this presentation. Though not intentional, some important material is likely to have been omitted; in addition, transcription errors are possible as well.

Improvement in GGT Predicts Event-free Survival in Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Regardless of Ursodeoxycholic Acic Treatment. 

Mark Deneau et al. (Grand Watkins Prize).

Key points:

  • PSC is difficult to study due to its rarity and due to its slow progression; thus surrogate biomarkers are needed.
  • Alkaline phosphatase is not a good biomarker in children
  • GGT level at one year after diagnosis was predictive of prognosis
  • Ursodeoxycholic acid does not appear to be effective

Optimizing Nutrition in Intestinal Failure

Justine Turner, University of Alberta

Key points:

  • Human milk is an ideal “formula” for infants, including those with intestinal failure
  • Oral feedings are important
  • Combination of bolus feeds and continuous feeds is reasonable
  • SMOFlipid allows higher lipid dose administration without hepatoxicity; this may improve cognitive outcomes
  • Amino acid based formulas have higher osmolality which can contribute to diarrhea

Patients with >50% of small bowel and >50% of colon were most likely to achieve enteral autonomy (GIFT registry)

 

 

NASPGHAN Postgraduate Course 2017 (Part 3): Biliary Atresia, NAFLD, SMOFlipid, Pancreatic Pain

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This blog entry has abbreviated/summarized these presentations. Though not intentional, some important material is likely to have been omitted; in addition, transcription errors are possible as well.

Here is a link to postgraduate course syllabus: NASPGHAN PG Syllabus – 2017

Biliary Atresia: Update on diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic interventions

Cara Mack    Children’s Hospital of Colorado

Key points:

  • 84% of biliary atresia is isolated; 16% are syndromic with other defects
  • Direct bilirubin is (mildly) elevated at birth in patients with biliary atresia
  • Total bilirubin 3 months after Kasai predicts outcome. If <2 mg/dL, then unlikely to need a transplant in the first 2 years of life.
  • Reviewed biomarkers including Th1, Autotaxin, IL-8

Therapeutic interventions:

  • Nutritional support. Better nutrition improves outcomes after liver transplantation.
  • Fat soluble vitamin supplementation
  • Cholangitis prevention. Some studies have shown that prophylactic antibiotics may reduce incidence of cholangitis.
  • No therapeutic interventions that delay progression of this disease

 

 

CHILDREN Cohort Mgt of Vitamin Supplementation

Steroids are not helpful after Kasai procedure

Diagnosis and Management of Pediatric NAFLD 2017

Stavra Xanthokos   Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center

Key points:

  • NAFLD is #2 cause of liver transplantation in adults and on its way to becoming #1
  • ALT is still the best screening tool; NASPGHAN guidelines recommends screening overweight/obese children 9-11 years of age
  • Ultrasound has poor sensitivity and specificity for NAFLD; it is helpful for detecting gallbladder disease
  • Bariatric surgery has been effective for NAFLD

 

SMOFlipid and the Pediatric Patient

Peter Wales  Hospital for Sick Children (Toronto)

Slides are not available in syllabus

Key points:

  • Improving outcomes noted in the intestinal failure population
  • Dr. Wales reviewed proposed improvements with Omega-3 lipids -less cholestasis, less hepatitis, and less fibrosis
  • Compared improvements with lipid minimization (1 g/kg/day) compared to newer agents: omegaven and SMOFlipid. Additional studies are needed due to limitations of previous studies
  • Discussed SMOFlipid vs. Intralipid trial at 5 centers in Canada. N=24.
  • At SickKids: SMOFlipid for all preterms at admission & for term infants after 2 weeks of PN. Dosing 2-2.5 g/kg & now accounts for 85% of lipid usage at institution
  • None of the lipid products were designed for preterm infants. Intralipid has a pediatric indication and other products are used off label
  • Lipid restriction probably affects brain size/development; thus, a lipid agent that allows for higher doses likely will be beneficial for developmental outcomes.  The retina can be used as a biomarker of the brain affects of lipids.

Painful Chronic Pancreatitis: Management/therapeutic interventions

Vikesh Singh  Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine

Slides are not available in syllabus

 

 

Favorable Fish Oil Outcomes in High Risk Preterm Infants

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Briefly noted: M Sorrell et al. JPGN 2017; 64: 783-88. In this small study with 13 infants (mean gestational age of 28 weeks) who had short bowel syndrome or severe dysmotility and direct bilirubin ≥4 mg/dL (mean 9.8 at enrollment), patients received a fish oil-based lipid emulsion (1 g/kg/d). They were compared with 119 GA-matched controls.

Overall, the authors found the fish oil supplement to be safe.  All patients had resolution of cholestasis. They note the difficulty of proving effectiveness and performing studies in this population.  “Neonatologists…find themselves faced with …a growing body of uncontrolled data that suggests benefits of an unapproved treatment…An attempt to perform a randomized controlled comparison of a plant-based lipid emulsion to FishLE in preventing PNALD in infants at risk was terminated early after an interim analysis revealed much lower than expected incidence of PNALD…[making] trials ethically problematic.”

My take: The data remain incomplete and make it difficult to use a therapy like Omegaven that is quite expensive (not covered) and not FDA approved.  The availability of SMOFlipid is likely to result in less usage of plant-based soy products.

Related blog posts:

Rodin Museum

Nutrition Week (Day 2) SMOFlipid

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With newer lipid emulsions, there is the potential to give more lipids and have less liver injury.  A recent report by Diamond et al (JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2016 Feb 2. pii: 014860711562692) provides some of the best data for the use of SMOFlipid in infants: Preventing the Progression of Intestinal Failure-Associated Liver Disease in Infants Using a Composite Lipid Emulsion: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of SMOFlipid.

Here’s the abstract: and afterwards some slides from a recent lecture that I gave regarding parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (and intestinal failure associated liver disease):

BACKGROUND:

To examine whether SMOFlipid prevents progression of intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent infants with early IFALD (conjugated bilirubin 17-50 µmol/L, 1-3 mg/dL).

STUDY DESIGN:

Pilot multicenter blinded randomized controlled trial comparing SMOFlipid with Intralipid. Patients received the trial lipid for up to 12 weeks, unless they achieved full enteral tolerance sooner. The primary clinical outcome was the serum conjugated bilirubin.

RESULTS:

Twenty-four infants (mean age, 6 weeks) participated in the trial (13 Intralipid and 11 SMOFlipid). At the time of trial enrollment, patients in both groups were receiving 90% of their calories by PN. Mean duration on trial was 8 weeks and did not differ according to treatment (P = .99). At trial conclusion, patients who received SMOFlipid had a lower conjugated bilirubin than those who received Intralipid (mean difference, -59 µmol/L; P = .03). Patients receiving SMOFlipid were also more likely to have a decrease in serum conjugated bilirubin to 0 µmol/L than those in the Intralipid group over the entire observation period (hazard ratio, 10.6; 95%; P = .03). The time to achievement of full enteral tolerance did not differ statistically (hazard ratio, 1.3; P = .59) between the groups. There was no significant difference in safety outcomes between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

Compared with Intralipid, SMOFlipid reduces the risk of progressive IFALD in children with intestinal failure. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00793195.

Here are a few more slides from my recent lecture on PNALD/IFALD:

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The above slide was borrowed from a talk by Dr. Conrad Cole on short bowel syndrome (available online via the Pediatric Nutritionist blog).

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Related blog posts:

 

Nutrition Week (Day1) Downside on Lipid Reduction

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Recently I gave a lecture on parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD), though the term intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) is probably more popular at this time.  The day afterwards, I read an important study (L Beauport et al. J Pediatr 2017; 181: 29-36) reiterating one of the concerns in the lecture.

This study showed that higher lipid intake in a cohort of neonates born at <30 weeks during the first 2 weeks after birth was associated with a lower incidence of brain lesions and dysmaturation when examined by MRI at term equivalent age (TEA).

Details: This prospective cohort study examined energy/lipid intake in the first 2 weeks of life. Eligible patients were neonates ≤30 weeks.  Group 1 with 27 patients had birth weight median of 900 gm compared with Group 2 with 15 patients had median weight of 844 gm. During the first year of the study, participants received a soybean emulsion whereas in the last year of the study, the neonates received a mixture of soybean and olive oil (Clinoleic).

Key finding: After adjusting for clinical risk scores and sepsis, the authors found that the higher energy/lipid intakes resulted in improved brain MRIs in group 1. A “10 Kcal/kg/day increase in energy of 0.7 g/kg/day increase in lipids intake would reduce the risk of having more severely abnormal MRI at TEA by >60%.”

Here are some slides from my talk relevant to this topic and to parenteral nutrition associated liver disease (PNALD):

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Improving Outlook in Neonatal Nutrition (Part 2)

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Besides arguing for more aggressive and earlier use of intravenous protein, Dr. Adamkin noted that newer lipid emulsions (eg. SMOFlipid) are likely to be helpful due to the concentrations of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA).  DHA and AA are the two main long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) and are integral to the structural membranes of cells in the central nervous system and retina.

Slow Evolution of Lipid Emulsions

Slow Evolution of Lipid Emulsions

Decreasing Incidence of Growth Failure with More Aggressive Nutrtion

Decreasing Incidence of Growth Failure with More Aggressive Nutrition –average daily protein intake in most recent cohort during 1st 5 days is 3 g/kg/day (much higher than in previous years

At U of L, they have developed a quick card to calculate glucose infusion rate based on dextrose and fluid volume (mL/kg/day)

At U of L, they have developed a quick card to calculate glucose infusion rate based on dextrose and fluid volume (mL/kg/day)

Other points:

  • SGA infants have low lioprotein lipase –>higher triglycerides
  • Slow lipid infusion associated with better tolerance
  • Insulin may be needed if not able to provide a glucose infusion rate of at least 4 mg/kg/min; otherwise, he recommends avoiding insulin.
  • Dr. Adamkin recommended adding carnitine after 4 weeks of TPN
  • During transition to enteral feeding, in order to continue with 3.5-4 g/kg/day of amino acids, many infants will need a stock solution of IVFs with supplemental amino acids to supplement enteral feeds

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