Yesterday’s post (AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Moderate-to-Severe Crohn’s Disease) summarized the following article:
The associated “Spotlight” provides useful a graphic summary. Here is most of the information:
FI Scott et al. Gastroenterology, Volume 169, Issue 7, 1397 – 1448; Open Access! AGA Living Clinical Practice Guideline on the Pharmacologic Management of Moderate-to-Severe Crohn’s Disease
The guideline panel agreed on 16 recommendations. This highly-detailed report provides a comprehensive, patient-centered, evidence-based approach to the pharmacologic management of adult patients with moderate-to-severely active CD. Table 1 summarizes this lengthy 53-page report. Tomorrow’s post will be the “spotlight” summary which presents the recommendations in easier to read graphic.
Key Points:
The guidelines are overall very helpful. They identify higher efficacy medications and recommend them. In addition, they support the use of combination therapy with thiopurines (which are less frequently used in pediatrics). It is interesting that the sixteenth recommendation clashes with prior expert recommendations. The sixteenth recommendation in this report makes no recommendation on using endoscopic surveillance compared to symptomatic clinical remission. Most experts advise “treat-to-target” therapy approaches.
In the discussion of this, the authors state the followiing:
“Recent position statements from an international consortium of experts have advised that longitudinal targets for the management of IBD should include not only clinical remission but also endoscopic resolution of inflammation.31 Several studies have demonstrated that patients who achieve endoscopic remission (vs those with ongoing endoscopic activity) have favorable long-term outcomes…
There are limited RCTs assessing whether there is actual benefit in systematically treating toward endoscopic remission target vs symptomatic remission targets (ie, testing whether the target has been achieved, followed by algorithmic treatment adjustment, including escalating index therapy, adding an immunomodulator, followed by switching to an alternative advanced therapy and surgery). There was significant heterogeneity among the 2 reviewed studies, both in terms of the advanced therapy used, algorithms for therapy modification, and the cadence and frequency of endoscopic monitoring that challenge interpretation. Based on the significant uncertainty of evidence with regard to improving maintenance of remission or reducing the risks of adverse events, the guideline panel could not make a recommendation in relation to selecting endoscopic targets over clinical targets.
It is worth emphasizing that in both of the included trials, the majority of individuals in the endoscopic healing arms were not able to meet the goal of endoscopic healing despite an algorithmic approach. For example, in STARDUST, only 11% of individuals achieved endoscopic remission.149…There are specific patient populations, such as those who have recently undergone intestinal resection,155 in which endoscopic evaluation may be particularly valuable in clinical decision making...
The benefit of a monitoring strategy incorporating biochemical monitoring over clinical monitoring alone was demonstrated in the CALM trial,152 and has been addressed in previous AGA guidelines on the role of biomarkers in patients with CD.12“
My take: These “living” guidelines are likely to be quite influential in selecting Crohn’s disease therapy. In pediatrics, ImproveCareNow provides a similar role of guiding treatment.
Related blog posts:
Guidelines for UC:
Crohn’s Disease:
J Huang et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2025;81:1488–1495. Open Access! Numbers matter: How pediatric endoscopy quality varies with annual procedural volume
In this retrospective study with 985 ileocolonoscopies (2021-2024):
Methods: “Quality indicators were compared across groups using Kruskal–Wallis analyses. Multivariate modeling was performed to identify variables predicting terminal ileal intubation and TIIR ≥ 85%.”
Key findings:
My take (borrowed in part from the authors): The authors state that “our findings suggest that a threshold of 40 annual procedures [ileocolonoscopies] is necessary to maintain high pediatric endoscopic quality.” While I agree that adequate procedural volume is helpful, there is a great deal of individual variation/ability. Particularly if the endoscopist has a lower procedural volume, metrics like ileal intubation rate can be useful to assure good quality.
Related blog posts:
Recently, Dr. Katja Karrento gave our group a great update on chronic nausea. My notes below may contain errors in transcription and in omission. Along with my notes, I have included many of her slides.
Related blog posts:
Disclaimer: This blog, gutsandgrowth, assumes no responsibility for any use or operation of any method, product, instruction, concept or idea contained in the material herein or for any injury or damage to persons or property (whether products liability, negligence or otherwise) resulting from such use or operation. These blog posts are for educational purposes only. Specific dosing of medications (along with potential adverse effects) should be confirmed by prescribing physician. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, the gutsandgrowth blog cautions that independent verification should be made of diagnosis and drug dosages. The reader is solely responsible for the conduct of any suggested test or procedure. This content is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a condition.
A Bendix et al. NBC News, 12/11/25: CDC study says Covid shots continue to protect healthy kids from severe illness
CDC Study: “From late August 2024 to early September 2025, the vaccines reduced the risk of Covid-related emergency room and urgent care visits by 76% among children ages 9 months to 4 years, and by 56% among children ages 5-17, according to the study”
Citation: Irving SA, Rowley EA, Chickery S, et al. Effectiveness of 2024–2025 COVID-19 Vaccines in Children in the United States — VISION, August 29, 2024–September 2, 2025. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2025;74:607–614. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7440a1
PBS News 11/17/25: NIH cuts affected over 74,000 patients enrolled in experiments, report finds
An excerpt:
Between the end of February and mid-August, funding ceased for 383 studies that were testing treatments for conditions including cancer, heart disease and brain disease. The cuts disproportionately impacted efforts to tackle infectious diseases like the flu, pneumonia and COVID-19, researchers found…
More broadly, the lost research harms patients who could have benefited from a possible new treatment, researchers said in the report published Monday in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine…
“The whole purpose of these clinical trials is to generate evidence on what works and doesn’t work in medicine,” said study co-author Anupam B. Jena with Harvard Medical School. Researchers counted 11,008 NIH-funded studies during the study period. Of those, 1 in 30 lost funding.
Related blog posts:
A Baccarella et al. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology; 2025; 23: 2242 – 2252. Open Access! Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant in Monogenic Inflammatory Bowel Disease
This was a retrospective single-center (CHOP) study of 25 children with monogenic IBD who underwent Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) (2012-2022).
Key findings:
Discussion points:
With regard to patient selection, one item that was not included in the discussion was the one patient excluded from their analysis who had a TTC7A gene defect. In the results section, it was explained that the patient with “TTC7A was subsequently excluded as transplant was performed for the indication of SCID alone, rather than treatment of intestinal disease.” More discussion on this point is merited as many centers would NOT have a patient with TTC7A undergo HCST specifically because it cannot correct the underlying bowel disease.
Also, it was noted that one patient with CTLA4 deficiency had undergone HSCT prior to the discovery of the genetic defect. With the more widespread use of genetic testing available now, this discovery may have obviated the need for HSCT as treatment with abatacept is typically effective.
My take: Overall, the authors present impressive results for HSCT for monogenic IBD and strengthen the need for genetic testing in those with early onset disease and those refractory to treatment.
Related blog posts:
Disclaimer: This blog, gutsandgrowth, assumes no responsibility for any use or operation of any method, product, instruction, concept or idea contained in the material herein or for any injury or damage to persons or property (whether products liability, negligence or otherwise) resulting from such use or operation. These blog posts are for educational purposes only. Specific dosing of medications (along with potential adverse effects) should be confirmed by prescribing physician. Because of rapid advances in the medical sciences, the gutsandgrowth blog cautions that independent verification should be made of diagnosis and drug dosages. The reader is solely responsible for the conduct of any suggested test or procedure. This content is not a substitute for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment provided by a qualified healthcare provider. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a condition.
The study by Dellon et al was a 4-year, phase 3, open-label study in patients with EoE who completed up to 52 weeks of BOS therapy (Budesonide oral suspension 2 mg 2/day) in 2 preceding phase 3 studies.
Key findings:
Safety:
The study by Biedermann et al explored the use of an orodipsersible tablet for EoE up to 3 years in patients who achieved remission during a 12-week induction. This tablet is not available in the U.S.
Key findings:
My take: The pharmaceutical budesonide suspension, Eohilia, is labelled by the FDA for use as a 12 week treatment course. Since EoE is a chronic disease, 12 weeks is insufficient. These long-term studies provide data that may address this shortcoming.
Related blog posts:
AM Gomez-Orellana et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 23: 2187-2196. Open Access! Gender-Equity Model for Liver Allocation Using Artificial Intelligence (GEMA-AI) for Waiting List Liver Transplant Prioritization
Background: “The current gold standard for ranking patients in the waiting list according to their mortality risk is the Model for End-Stage Liver Disease corrected by serum sodium (MELD-Na), which combines 4 serum analytic and objective parameters, namely bilirubin, international normalized ratio (INR), creatinine, and sodium…2“
“The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) 3.0 was developed and internally validated in the United States,4 and the gender-equity model for liver allocation corrected by serum sodium (GEMA-Na) was trained and internally validated in the United Kingdom and externally validated in Australia.5… GEMA-Na was associated with a more pronounced discrimination benefit than MELD 3.0, probably owing to the replacement of serum creatinine with the Royal Free Hospital cirrhosis glomerular filtration rate (RFH-GFR)6 in the formula.5“
Methods:
Key findings:
Discussion Points:
My take: In the movie, iRobot, Detective Spooner instructs the robot: “Sonny, save Calvin.” While things worked out in the movie, it turns out that the robot would usually make a better decision. This study shows that AI has the potential to reduce waiting list mortality by taking advantage of weighing non-linear variables.
Related blog posts:
JD Feuerstein et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2025; 23: 2068-2082. Open Access! Appropriate Use and Complications of Corticosteroids in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Steroids are commonly used and misused for inflammatory bowel disease. This article reviews best practices, steroid formulations/dosing, and potential complications.
The authors note that corticosteroids “remain widely available and are an effective short-term option for induction of remission in patients with active UC or inflammatory CD. However, their well-described and significant safety profile warrants proactive strategies to limit their use through non-systemic formulations, short-term exposures, steroid-sparing maintenance options, and most recently, complete steroid avoidance strategies.”
My take: Continuing steroids when they are not effective prior to potential surgery (eg. ASUC) remains a frequent problem. Sometimes, it is difficult to know it they are helping some.
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